Measuring Information

Quantity of information

What is communication?

What is information?

Quantifying information

Quantifying information (details)

Information and Uncertainty

Quantifying information (continued)

Entropy

Value of information

Amount versus value

Gould's measure


Other resources

Carl T. Bergstrom


Contact Information

cbergst@u.washington.edu

Department of Zoology
University of Washington
Box 351800
Seattle, WA 98195-1800

Information and Communication

At least we are in a position to define the expected amount of information transmitted by a signal. Suppose that, as in our previous example, the message m takes the form of one of four signals, A, B, C, and D, with probabilities 7/10, 1/10, 1/10, and 1/10 respectively.

Then with probability 7/10 we will get a signal (A) that provides Log 10/7 units of information, and with probability 3/10 we will get one of the three signals (B, C, or D) that provides Log 10 units of information. The average, or expected, amount of information provided is then 7/10 Log (10/7) + 1/10 Log (10) + 1/10 Log (10) + 1/10 Log (10).

More generally, we can say that the average amount of information in a message is

Sum (-p Log p)

This quantity is sometimes referred to as entropy.

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Last modified April 2, 2006
Copyright © 2006 Carl T. Bergstrom